William Dargue A History of BIRMINGHAM Places & Placenames from A to Y

Acknowledgements

The acknowledgements here are a statement of the sources of images and/ or text copied in this document. Inclusion here in no way suggests that those sources endorse either me or this work.
All images are attributed alongside their use in the document. Italic text in the captions signifies that this is taken from the image’s original website; plain text is this author’s own.
The copyright status of images is indicated alongside their use in the document and in the Acknowledgements below.

Acknowledgements (in no particular order, though generally chronological)

Acknowledgements to the late Peter Gamble of Virtual Brum and BirminghamNet I owe a great debt of gratitude to Peter Gamble for his patient help and encouragement in getting my work onto the internet. Everything I learnt about websites was thanks to him. We were working together uploading this work immediately prior to his untimely death. In my last telephone conversation with him, his concern was that I should be able to continue without him. His websites, Virtual Brum and BirminghamNet are now sadly offline. Some images in this work from Virtual Brum are out of copyright and are all attributed in the accompanying text.

Acknowledgements to Flickr contributors Some images in this document are taken from Flickr. Photographs on that site are the copyright of the original photographer and their licence terms are detailed there. Some copyright holders maintain 'All Rights Reserved'; others retain either no rights or some rights and allow their photographs to be copied and distributed under a Creative Commons Licence. Most of the images used in this document are reproduced under that licence. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used. For further information consult the Flickr website.

I have used publicly available images on Flickr by the following photographers to whom thanks for making their work available under a Creative Commons Licence:

Pete Ashton - see Brandwood, mikeyashworth - Bournville, John Wesley Barker Cannon Hill, BMAG Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery Weoley Castle, Jon Bounds/ bounder - Pebble Mill, Elliott Brown Acocks Green Hockley Kings Heath, Steve Cadman - Lower Eastside, Jim Champion/ treehouse1977 - Buckland End, Fiona Cullinan/ Katchoo - Stirchley, David Davies Warley Woods, Tim Ellis - The Irish Quarter, Martin Hartland - Bloomsbury, John Haslam / foxypar4 - Queslett, Ron Hollins/ ronholpic - Lickey, Xavier de Jaureguiberry - Birmingham City Centre, Joe/ Cmdr Gravy - Kings Heath Lickey, Simon Li/ Manic Street Preacher - Sutton Woods, Martin McDonald - Hill, eddiemcfish - Birmingham, Keith Marshall/ kcm76 - Yew Tree, Lee Jordan - Queslett, Pete Lewis - Harborne, orangejon - The Chinese Quarter, Pikesville - Edgbaston, pindec - Aston New Town, James Thornett/ thornj - Bournbrook, Stuart Williams/ skw - Flaxley, that_james - Crane Moor, Dr Craig/ Craig Munro - Wythall, Tony Hisgett/ ahisgett - Tyseley, Ted & Jen/ Spiller - Chamberlain Gardens Row Heath Trittiford Wake Green Warstock Wythall Yardley Wood, Damian Rafferty - Tenchley.

Some images from Flickr come from the National Archives collection and are available for reuse under the Open Government licence, similar to a Creative Commons licence allowing reuse for non-commercial purposes as long as the source is acknowledged. Such images are attributed alongside the image on this website.

The images used from Flickr with All Rights Reserved are used with the permission of the copyright holder and this is specified alongside the image. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder.

Thanks to

Acknowledgements to Geograph Some images in this document are the copyright of individuals on the Geograph website. Copyright of all photographs is retained by the original contributor, but all are published under a under a Creative Commons Licence -http://creativecommons.org/international/uk/. Each photograph on the site details the original photographer and their licence terms. A summary follows: Copyright on all photographs is retained by the original contributor, but all are published under a Creative Commons Licence - each individual photograph on the site details the original photographer and their precise licence terms. Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic: You are free: to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix - to adapt the work. Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of work). Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used. For full copyright information consult the website - Geograph British Isles.

I have used the work of the following Geograph photographers -

Chris Allen Longbridge, Nick Atty Perry, Adrian Bailey Beggars Bush Brookvale Frankley Perry Wyrley Birch, Carl Baker Adderley Bacons End Garretts Green Ladywood, Mike Beeson Peddimore New Hall Wiggins Hill, Derek Bennett Kingstanding, Jonathan Billinger Turves Green West Heath Wychall, Elliott Brown Robin Hood, Phil Champion Stirchley, Andrew Clayton Rubery, Ant Collis Frankley, Mark Evison Frankley, Rob Farrow Langley, Graham Flint New Hall, Geoff Gartside Frankley, Gordon Griffiths Quinton, Derek Harper Beech Lanes, John Horton/ Row17 Lozells Streetly, Roy Hughes Ten Acres Rubery, Edward Hunt Six Ways Erdington, Darius Khan Sarehole Four Ways Peter Lloyd Elmdon, Steve Lloyd/ planetearthisblue Cocks Moor Happy Valley Yardley Wood, John Maddan Handsworth, Brian Robert Marshall Sparkhill, Stephen McKay Lea Village, Brendan Patchell Moseley, Bill Payer Wells Green, Geoff Pick - Streetly, Stephen Richards Lyndon, Roger A Smith Cofton Rednal, David Stowell Frankley Jewellery Quarter Walkers Heath West Heath, Angella Streluk Beech Lanes, Martin Wilson Edgbaston, Chris Shade Halfway House, Graham Taylor Mere Green, Michael Westley Hockley Horsefair Kings Heath, Peter Whatley Winson Green, David Wright Marl Pit Green to whom my thanks for making their work available under a Creative Commons Licence.

Acknowledgements to the late Keith Berry, whose collection of photographs were on the PBase website. I have used some All Rights Reserved images with his kind permission. However, Keith died in January 2009 and the photographs seem to be no longer available. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used.

The Slides of Phyllis Nicklin Some of the images in this document are taken from Phyllis Nicklin’s collection of slides, some of which were available on Keith Berry’s site. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used. Some of the images from the Nicklin collection were downloaded by myself from the Chrysalis Project website - see the following paragraph.

The late Phyllis Nicklin was a geography tutor at the University of Birmingham who took hundreds of slides of the city during the 1960s. A selection of her work was put up on a website called Chrysalis, a joint venture of various West Midlands academic institutions. This is now available on The University of Birmingham ePapers Archive - Birmingham's Buildings and Urban Topography Images from the Chrysalis Project - http://epapers.bham.ac.uk/chrysalis.html. Copyright and database rights in this material belong to MLA West Midlands and the University of Birmingham. The University of Birmingham has made its collections available to download and redistribute for non-commercial purposes.

Acknowledgements to Steve Bartrick, Ancestry Images Some images in this document are from Steve Bartrick’s Ancestry Images under the terms of his copyright which permits their use for non-commercial purposes: I am quite happy for people to use images of my antique prints and maps on their own web pages as long as the use is non-commercial. Those running personal websites dealing with family history, genealogy, or other historical research etc. are most welcome to copy any of the map or print images for their own use, as are charity and non-profit organisations. In return I would greatly appreciate a link back to my website, or a credit such as ‘Image courtesy of www.ancestryimages.com’ . My thanks to Steve Bartrick for making his pictures available for use. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used. For full copyright information consult the website.

Acknowledgements to Steve Farr and Simon Bird of the History Department of King Edward VI Grammar School, Five Ways, Bartley Green Some images are used with the kind permission of the local history website of King Edward VI Grammar School, Five Ways at Bartley Green. My thanks to Steve Farr and Simon Bird of the History Department. See Bartley Green, California, Frankley and Frogmill. The images are All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used. The school's local history digital archive is now offline.

Acknowledgements to Jo Gregory and Malcolm Sanders of Gunter School My thanks to Jo Gregory of Gunter School for her interest and enthusiasm and for photographs of Pype Hayes. And thanks to Malcolm Sanders for his History of Gunter School which appears in the article on Pype Hayes. The text and images are copyright and are used here with the kind permission of the copyright holders. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holders at the school.

Acknowledgements to Mike Musson - Warwickshire Railways Some images are used with kind permission from Mike Musson’s website, Warwickshire Railways. See Eastside, Snow Hill and Tyseley. My thanks to Mike Musson. The copyright statement on the website is as follows: This website and all images and text contained therein are © Mike Musson 2005 - 2008 (except where another photographer or author is cited in which case the copyright rests with that photographer, organisation or author). Please note that under international law the use of photographs for publication is strictly prohibited without the authorisation of the copyright holder. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used. For full copyright information consult the website Warwickshire Railways.

Acknowledgements to E W Green - The Work of William Albert Green 1907-1983 - Blakesley, Cannon Hill, Castle Bromwich, Cofton, Flint Green, Gilbertstone, Handsworth, Hay Mills, Kings Heath, Kingshurst, Kings Norton, Lea Hall, Lyndon, Moundsley, New Hall, Peddimore, Quinton, Shard End, Sheldon and Tinkers Farm. My thanks to Edwin Green. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used. For full copyright information consult Pen & Ink - The Work of William Albert Green.

Acknowledgements to Andrew Rowbottom, OS Popular Edition maps of the 1920s-30s. I have used a very large number of extracts from this excellent website. My thanks to Andrew Rowbottom. These maps are now in the public domain and reusable from that website under Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial-Share Alike 2.0. Unfortunately the link to Google maps does not seem to be working correctly at the moment (October 2020). See the OS Popular Edition Maps website.

Acknowledgements to contributors to the Birmingham History Forum.

JKC/ John K Colin for permissionto use images of Aston Church, Holy Trinity Church Birchfield, St Paul’s Mission Bordesley Green, Erdington village green and Library, The Fox & Goose, Rosary Road Gravelly Hill, Church Lane Handsworth, Six Ways Nechells, Pelham Road, The Pelham, Saltley Gas works explosion, Highfield Road Saltley, Small Heath Library & Baths and Church Road Yardley. All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holders.

(See also John Houghton & Rod Birch’s website Astonbrook through Aston Manor.)

I have also used a small number of images, generally old ones, courtesy of Birmingham History Forum members who did not know the origin of the pictures. I have not attributed the images to them, but have made it clear alongside the images that they are of unknown copyright.

Acknowledgements to

BirminghamUK Some images on this website are from the Gallery of BirminghamUK.com under the terms of their copyright licence: Terms and Conditions of Use BirminghamUK.com User License - Generally speaking we allow our images to be used by charitable organisations, private and personal websites and non-profit making educational organisations and institutions. Outside of this you are breaching copyright. See Balsall Heath, The Balti Triangle, Handsworth, Pebble Mill, Stirchley, Waterlinks, Winson Green, Woodgate, Wychall. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used. For full copyright information consult the website - BirminghamUK.com.

Matthew Beckett - Lost Heritage - Lost Country Houses of England Some images are from Matthew Beckett's website Lost Heritage - Lost Country Houses of England under the terms of the copyright statement on that website. Thanks to Matthew Beckett for making them available. See Elmdon and Four Oaks.

Alan Stanier - Hewing the Stones Some images are taken with kind permission from the Gazetteer on Alan Stanier’s personal family history website, Hewing the Stones - The Fox & Goose.. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used. That website seems no longer to be online.

Dave Gregory - Postcards of the Past Some images are taken with kind permission from Dave Gregory’s collection of old postcards from all over the world. See Bordesley Green, Hall Green, Kings Norton and Snow Hill. My thanks to Dave Gregory. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used. Go to Postcards of the Past.

Ian Petticrew - Some images are from the website devoted to the Chartist poet and author, Gerald Massey and other Victorian authors involved in political and social reform. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used. Acknowledgements to Ian Petticrew. Copyright statement, received by this author by email from Ian Petticrew - ‘I run the site for scholars, students, researchers etc. and all the information (text, images, etc) is there for the taking.’ This website seems no longer to be available.

Mac Joseph of the Old Ladywood website for kindly sending me some photographs of old Birmingham churches.

Professor Carl Chinn - Some images on this website are from Carl Chinn's online archive, BirminghamLives and are used with his kind permission. See Ashted, Gosta Green, Greens Village, Hockley, Ladywood. This website seems no longer to be available.

Acknowledgements to

Sally Lloyd - Parishmouse: Free Resources For Family Historians Some of the images in this document are taken with permission from Sally Lloyd's collection on Flickr (sally_parishmouse). The ones used here are scans of books which are now out-of-copyright: R K Dent 1880 Old & New Birmingham, for example. These seem to be no longer available on Flickr. See also Sally Lloyd's own website Parishmouse. Attribution is given in the text alongside each image used, and all images are All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder.

Castle Bromwich Parish Church, St Mary & St Margaret's. Here you will find a brief history of Castle Bromwich and its church co-authored by myself and David Adams 2004. The conjectural image of Castle Bromwich castle is by David Adams. The copyright conditions for use of that material are stated on the website.

David Sanderson of SCJ Sanderson Carpentry and Joinery, Northfield who allowed me use use his text and photographs of the restoration of Primrose Hill Farm. Especial thanks to David for giving me a guided tour of the site. Attribution is given in the text alongside the images, and all images are All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder.

David Fisher who allowed me the use of photographs from his blog, Brummages.. (or What Is It Like Now?). See The Swan Yardley, Aston, Bordesley Green. Attribution is given in the text alongside the images, and all images are All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder.

Acocks Green History Society, webmaster Mike Byrne, whose text and images may be used for non-commercial or educational purposes with appropriate acknowledgement.Where images or text show the name of the source, they may only be viewed on that site, and no other use may be made of them except with the owner's permission. Images used on this website are acknowledged alongside the image.

Bernard Taylor of Quinton Local History Society for permission to reproduce a number of photographs of Quinton and also Camomile cottages and Harts Green. The pictures are from the John Hope Collection.

Mark Norton whose website Photo by D J Norton is a superb collection of his father's photographs from the 1950s and -60s. Mark has taken photographs of many of his father's shots from the same place now.See Queensbridge.

Pete Ward of Heritage House Builders, specialists in the Conservation and Restoration of old buildings - See http://www.heritage-house.org/pages/building-services/examples-of-our-work/stone-cottage-in-birmingham-.html for an an illustrated description of the work they did on the Quinton nailers Cottage and for information about their other projects restoring old houses using traditional methods.

Rob Sutton, chair and Andrew Hackett, webmaster of Moorpool Residents' Association for permision to use a selection of their photographs of Moor Pool Estate from the gallery on that website.

Don Knibbs and Hilda Elliott on the Knibbs Family website for photographs of Albert Arthur Knibbs - http://www.knibbs-family.org/fam576.html working on Marston Green Cottage Homes farm.

Viv Wilkes of the Shire Country Park Friends website for photographs of Burbury Brickworks on the Greet page. That website is no longer available.

Open Domesday, the first free online copy of Domesday Book, a site built as a non-profit project by Anna Powell-Smith, using data created by Professor J J N Palmer and a team at the University of Hull. The material is reusable under a Creative Commons licence Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Acknowledgements to

Peter Higginbotham for permission to use the architect’s aerial views of Birmingham Workhouse - see Winson Green. Also my thanks for supplying me with images of the Marston Green and Shenley Cottage Homes. See The Workhouse website.

David Bradford for permission to use a photograph of the Breedon Bar, my thanks to David Bradford of the Breedon. All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder.

Jenny Hall, New Testament Church of God for permission to use a photograph of Villa Cross Wesleyan Methodist Church. For the church website go to The New Testament Church of God. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder.

Celia Lester of The Cotteridge Church for supplying and for permission to use a photograph of St Agnes' Church of England, Cotteridge - also Canon Michael Blood and Rev Nick Jones of The Cotteridge Church. For the church website go to The Cotteridge Church. All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder.

Alastair Instone of Any Junk? for permission to use the Postcodes map on the Postcodes Gazetter page. The map is courtesy of ANY JUNK? Birmingham's house clearance and waste removal specialists. All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder.

John Fox - Foxy's Island Walks for permission to use photographs of his Grand Union Canal walk. For John Fox's website go to Foxy's Island Walks; and click here for his Grand Union Canal walk. See The Ackers and Bordesley Village. All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder.

Carl Baker - Carl's Brum Blog for sending me a photograph of the Pelham public house just before it was demolished to make way for a supermarket. See The Pelham. More of his photographs may be seen on the Geograph website. This image is All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder. See his website: Carl's Brum Blog.

Robert Darlaston for permission to use a number of All Rights Reserved photographs from his family website, The Darlaston web pages. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder. See Acocks Green Chester Road Edgbaston Strawberry Vale Wylde Green. Thanks too to Robert for his information regarding the Clock garage.

Shutterspy for permission to use a number of photographs from her blog, Birmingham Daily Photo - see also Shutterspy. Images are All Rights Reserved; permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder. See Birmingham and Kings Heath.

David Orchard acting on behalf of the Edgbaston Guinea Gardens Society for permission to reproduce an All Rights Reserved photograph of the gardens. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder. See the Edgbaston Guinea Gardens website. See Edgbaston.

Handsworth Historical Society for the use of images from their collection, to webmaster Chris Burkhill, secretary, Paulette and to Bill Moodie for scanning the images. Images are All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holders. See the Browns Green, Cherry Orchard, Hamstead and Handsworth. Go to http://www.handsworth-historical-society.org/.

Mike Kemble for the use of a photograph of Bumble End from his website. The Kemble Kollection. The image is All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder at http://www.mikekemble.uk/.

Deryk of Postcard World for the use use of a postcard of Four Ways Rednal from Deryk & Brenda's Postcard World website where a good selection of old postcards are available to buy, including many of Birmingham. The image is All Rights Reserved. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder.

The British Geological Survey - Geoscenic The images of Rubery Hill quarry and Key Hill sandpit are used in accordance with the terms and conditions set out on the Geoscenic website.

Acknowledgements to

Matthew Doyle. I've used two photographs of the Birmingham Oratory Retreat from his Catholic blog in the Rednal artcile. Thanks to him for making his work publicly available.

Gaynor Powell for permission to publish a photograph of her grandafther, driver of the Rednal motor omnibus.

Bartley Green & District History Society for their kind permission to reproduce a photograph of Woodgate village 1910 from their collection of Harold Hall. This image is All Rights Reserved'. Permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holders. Go to BGDHS.

Grace's Guide, 'the most comprehensive source of information on the engineering industry in Britain between 1750 (the start of the Industrial Revolution) and the 1960s.' Copyright (c) 2007. You can copy and use any of the content of Grace's Guide for any purpose (commercial or non-profit making) provided you make a clear link on your web site or printed matter to Grace's Guide as the source of the information. You cannot copy the graphical design of the page. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. See Heathfield and Sycamore Hill.

Mike Allmey for his kind permission to use the photo of The Hovel in Short Heath. See the Pictures of England website for a fascinating article relating to the restoration of the building.The image on the website is the copyright (c) of Mike Allmey and resusable under the terms set out on that website ie. for non-commercial use.

Wayne Sinclair/ sinkeyuk for his kind permission to use his copyright photographs of Rednal and Lickey on the Webshots website.

The Lickey Incline website at http://www.lickeyincline.co.uk/ run by Rich Wilson for information on the best viewing points on the line. See Lickey.

Keith Townsend of the Moseleians Association for information regarding Moseley Grammar School/ Spring Hill College in the Wake Green article. See the Moseleians Association website.

Cazz, a nurse at St Margaret's 1976-1984, for additional information in the Great Barr article.

Wendy Percy, whose parents moved into a council flat on the Wyrley Birch estate in 1958, for additional information in the Wyrley Birch article.

George King, pastor of Stechford Baptist Church for information regarding Flaxley Farm.

FreeFoto website - Some of the images on this site are from FreeFoto.com, a site which claims to have the largest collection of free photographs on the Internet. Images are available for anyone, commercial or non-commercial to use online providing they provide attribution to the image and a link back to FreeFoto.com. Under the Creative Commons license for non-commercial, no derivatives, attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Users can also buy a license which enables use without attribution or royalty - See http://www.freefoto.com/browse/99-05-0?ffid=99-05-0.

Gary Goodman for the picture of St Oswald's Church in Small Heath from the American Architect and Building News 1891. His St Croix Architecture Prints website has for sale a collection of rare original 19th-century, hand-coloured architectural plans and photos including some of English buildings.

Dr Ian Cawood, Newman University College Local History website for images of the Jewellery Quarter and Hockley.

Neil Howlett for information about Beggars Bush - See his website devoted to beggars bushes - http://www.beggarsbush.org.uk/.

Picture of Hockley Abbey from John Rabone & Sons catalogue 1878 from the WK Fine Tools Internet Magazine - http://www.wkfinetools.com/hUK/Rabone/rabone-index.asp.

Acknowledgements to

Past History Some of the images on this website come from the now-defunct Our Past history website, a comprehensive guide to responsible metal detecting in England and Wales. The images I have used are of old postcards which I assume to be out-of-copyright.

Darren Cassin, a local Pelham lad who gave me information regarding the Pelham pub.

St Mary's Selly Oak website for the picture of Selly Oak House in Francis W Leonard 1933 ‘The Story of Selly Oak’ written for St Mary’s PCC in aid of the appeal to recast the bells. This work, now out of copyright, is available on the church website.

Annie Barnes nee Hibbitt The image of All Saints Church Hockley is from Annie Barnes’ Hibbitt Family website - Mixed Bag pages. The image is used with her kind permission. Requests for reuse should be addressed via her website. See All Saints.

The Victorian Web for George P Landow's scanned image of the Convent of Our Lady of Mercy, Lozells, from A W N Pugin 1843 The Present State of Ecclesiastical Architecture - See http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/pugin/17.html. Educational use is permitted provided appropriate acknowledgement is given.

Phil Mansell and John Ball The text relating to The Flat, Hockley, slightly edited, is taken from the Rootsweb site. See http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/warwick/2000-05/0958763067. Phil Mansell and John Ball were both formerly of Hockley but later moved to Lancashire and South Wales respectively. Unfortunately I have been unable to get in touch with either of them and would welcome contact via Feedback to ensure they are happy with my use of their comments.

bennyinkwell who has made his pictures of Lodge Road Hockley available on the Old Birmingham Pictures website - See http://oldbirminghampictures.lefora.com/2009/09/19/lodge-road-hockley/.

Acknowledgements to

Olwyn Powell and Greta Lacey for their helpful comments and information regarding Kings Norton and Ward End.

John T Smith for information regarding Barnes Hill - Blakenell Corner.

Janet Guice for helpful information on Newtown.

David Fowler, member of the Birmingham History Forum for permission to reproduce the photograph of his uncle's ancestor, believed to be Arthur Bullock, landlord in 1915 of the Fox & Dogs Inn. His image is All Rights Reserved and permission for reuse should be sought from the copyright holder.

Terry Stride for information about Butlers Bridge.

Keith Briggs for helpful information on the origin of the name, Snow Hill. See Keith Briggs' website http://keithbriggs.info/place-names.html and his article on Snow Hill - http://nq.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2010/09/21/notesj.gjq143.extract. I have also used information from his article on the Seven Wells placename - http://keithbriggs.info/seven_wells.html. However, the interpretation is my own.

Wellcome Images The photograph of the Women's Hospital, Showell Green Lane in 1931 is from the Wellcome Images website and is a copyrighted work available under Creative Commons by-nc 2.0 UK: England & Wales.

All Saints Four Oaks Church website for information about the history of that church.

John Adams and to Les Homer for information on Tigers Island, Elmdon and to Les Homer for information on Redhill, Hay Mills.

Acocks Green History Society website maintained by Mike Byrne for the postcard of Fox Hollies Hall, use permitted for non-commercial and educational puposes.

Ann's Frankley page. I have been unable to contact Ann for permission to use this photograph of Scotland Farm belonging to her grandfather.

Chris Meyers - Home Guard website - The 32nd Staffordshire (Aldridge) Battalion - and to Barry Buffery for help finding a picture of The Maypole public house.

Andrew Tucker of Moseley for information regarding Percy Harrison of Wake Green.

Linda Jones, now of Kidderminster, for information regarding Slade Pool Farm near The Maypole.

Old Harbonite, Beatrix Perry for clues regarding the origin of the garden for blind people in Queens Park Harborne.

Val Mobley, who grew up on the Beeches Estate for information regarding 'The Beeches'.

Chris C Thornburn for clearing up some dates in the Pype Hayes article.

Graham Andrews for Information about Ley Hill Hall/ House. For more information see Friends of Ley Hill Park.

Northfield Ecocentre for permission to use the image of Ley Hill House. Click here to download their interesting historical walk around Northfield - http://www.northfieldecocentre.com/history-walk/.

Birmingham Archaeology 2006 Peddimore Hall Barns Historic Building Research and Recording The 16th-century map on the Arden Hill page is from Map from -

http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-502-1/dissemination/pdf/birmingh2-28182_1.pdf.

Rod Liddiard, formerly of Greet, for information about Golden Hillock.

Henry Martin of Jetrike website for the use of the Cycloratio brochure used in the Potters Hill article.

I've used a picture of the Congregational Chapel at Marston Green from Bickenhill Parish Council website taken from the Home Missionary Chronicle 1839 and presumed now out-of-copyright.

Bob Ravenhall of Glebe Farm for information on Audley School.

Ron Larvin for information in the Balsall Heath article.

Paul Munns for information regarding Hawkesley Farm.

Thanks to Annie Creswick Dawson for information on the relief panels at Handsworth Library sculpted by her great grandfather, Benjamin Creswick,

to Janet Whitehouse for information about St Matthias' School in Lozells, to Christine Tay for information about Greet Hill and Steve Hayes for information about Metchley Roman fort,

to Michael Hart for correcting my information about Yardley Wood Catholic church and school,

and to Mike Byrne of the Acocks Green History Society for his advice regarding the location of Acocks Green.

Thanks to Celia Wilkie for information about Tennal House and Hall and to Susannah Palmer regarding The Clock Tower, Harborne.

Thanks to Jill Abrahall for photographs and information about Warstock and to Jane Reading for information about the Gothic houses in Small Heath,

Thanks to Handsworth History Society's Paulette Burkhill for information about T E Pemberton in Heathfield.

Especial thanks to Joan Mary Kennedy Dargue for introducing me to the City of a Thousand Trades and for putting up with me and my hobby for all these years.

Thanks to the irrepressible Pete Simpson, formerly of Sparkbrook/ Sparkhill Community Education for first getting me interested in the Hwicce of Balsall Heath and who can still catch me out!
Thanks to the ever-enthusiastic Val Hart at St Paul's Ventures who knows more about Balsall Heath than anyone.
Thanks to fellow-immigrant Peter Leather of Birmingham University Extra-Mural Department for giving me a solid background in Birmingham history often in convivial surroundings.
Thanks to Carl Chinn for nudging me towards my Local History MA, and to his colleagues at Birmingham University for making me work harder than I thought I could.
Thanks to Richard Albutt at Birmingham Central Library for advice and encouragement, as always, and the suggestion to make this material available via the internet.
Thanks to the late Tony Brettell, past head of Heath Mount Primary School, Balsall Heath, albeit a cricket man not a history man! for his patience, interest and support.
Thanks to Old Salt, Clinton Davies for contributions on a whole variety of information, not least placenames, street names and the works of John Morris Jones.
Thanks to the late Margaret Gelling of Birmingham University for advice on Anglo-Saxon placenames, to Peter Leather for advice on the Roman section, to Paul Griffin of British Waterways for his help on canals, to the late James Hyland for advice on the Civil War, to Eddie Pope and to Robin Ball of the Birmingham Grid for Learning www.bgfl.org, also to Terry Carter, and Peter Thompson for their contributions.

Thanks especially to Mike Hodder, the ever-patient former Birmingham City Archaeologist who has generously given me his time and expert advice and whose readiness to give me access to the Birmingham Sites & Monuments Record utterly transformed the scope of this document. It was his suggestion that this become an electronic document rather than a book. 'Is it your Millennium project?" he asked.

Wikipedia & Wikimedia
Some images in this document are from the Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons websites. Wikipedia is a free on-line encylopaedia to which anyone may contribute. It is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization that hosts a range of projects including Wikimedia Commons, a free media repository. Attribution and a direct link to the website is given alongside each image in the text. A summary of the copyright follows: Wikimedia Commons is free. Everyone is allowed to copy, use and modify any files here freely as long as the source and the authors are credited and as long as users release their copies/improvements under the same freedom to others. The Wikimedia Commons database itself and the texts in it are licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. The license conditions of each individual media file can be found on their description pages. For full copyright information see the Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons websites.

UK Housing

Some images in this document are from UK Housing at http://ukhousing.wikia.com. This is a wiki site set up by Erebus555 which operates in the same way as Wikipedia.

Internet Sites - works in the public domain

One such is the Project Gutenberg website, where there are thousands of books that never were subject to copyright or whose copyright term has expired. A brief summary of the Project Gutenberg copyright follows: For nearly all uses, in nearly all parts of the world, the opening words of all of our eBooks apply: "This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org."
Public domain books may be copied and freely distributed, but Project Gutenberg prohibits the use of their name and trademark to be associated with ebooks copied from their site unless they are copied verbatim and with the Project Gutenberg licence included as per the download. For full copyright information consult the website.

Another such site is the collection of digitised books on the Google Book Search website, where there are thousands of public domain books ie. books that were never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Google digitized books are in the public domain in the United States, but not necessarily in other countries. Google asks that users make non-commercial use of the files, and maintain attribution, ie. retain the Google watermark seen on each file. For full copyright information consult the website Google Book Search.